Sustainability of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s international trade flows |
Author : Branimir Skoko, Pero Zovko |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The aim of this research is to examine the sustainability of international trade flows of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the rest of the world. The data sample consists of quarterly data from the first quarter of 2008 to the last quarter of 2016. Johansen tests of cointegration indicated that exports and imports are co-integrated in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is estimated and tested. Research results revealed a bidirectional weakly sustainable relationship between exports and imports pointing out the need to improve external competitiveness of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s economy. |
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The autonomy of international subsidiaries in innovative pharmaceutical industry in the Republic of Croatia |
Author : Najla Podrug, Davor Filipovic, Marija Bošnjak, |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The paper represents research on the relationship between international subsidiaries in the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry and their parent companies. The aim was to determine the autonomy of international subsidiaries and to identify their self-initiative activities on both local and global level. The research included 17 international subsidiaries in the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry in the Republic of Croatia of overall 23 international subsidiaries in the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry. The results showed a significant dependence of management of international subsidiaries on strategies
of a parent company and also their high adaptation to the local market. International subsidiaries showed the affinity to conduct their own initiatives, which depend on the support of the parent companies. The relationships with parent company vary from one international subsidiary to another, but
it can be concluded that there is a limited level of autonomy of the international subsidiaries in the Republic of Croatia. |
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Attitudes on regulatory framework of student employment: study upon a student population in Croatia before new legislation |
Author : Maja Mihelja Žaja, Saša Jakšic, Karlo Špoljar |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Students enter the labour market through a Student Service to have the opportunity to pay for tuition fees or to earn additional income that would allow for the parents or guardians budget to be disbursed. Although almost 70% of full-time students were working through a student contract in 2016, the Regulation on intermediaries for employment of full-time students from 1996 was the only legal document that was regulating student employment. Due to improperness of this document and the fact that student employment is not under the Labour Law, in November 2017 the Croatian Government published a proposal for the new Student Employment Act, which was passed in November 2018. Subsequently, the reform of regulatory framework of student employment is important to student work force. According to the Regulation in force, there is no constraint on the maximum weekly working hours or maximum annual earnings. Nevertheless, student income can become taxable under the rules of Personal Income Tax Law if it exceeds the annual limit of 60,600.00 HRK. Consequently, the reform of personal income tax is also significant for students if they do not want to become a taxpayer of personal income tax. Based on this, the main goal of this paper is to analyse attitudes of students towards the regulatory framework of student
employment, reform of personal income tax and their work under the mediation of the Student Centre. In order to question student attitudes, the questionnaire was used and the results of the analysis carried out before changes in legislation, in February and March 2018, indicate that students were not satisfied with the existing regulatory framework and the personal income tax reform and that they expect the improvement of working conditions with the implementation of the new Student Employment Act. |
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Cooperatives as organizational forms suitable for the sustainable development of tourism in rural areas |
Author : Jelena Ðurkin Badurina, Jelena Kljaic Šebrek |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Cooperatives are spread all over the world and are recognized as the viable form of organization that successfully combines economic and social sustainability. Rural areas, due to their specific characteristics, often suffer from depopulation and stagnation of economic and social development, but contemporary tourism trends show the increase of the interest for integral rural tourism experiences, which provides significant development opportunities for these areas. The aim of this paper is to present the key advantages of cooperatives as specific organizational forms in the sustainable development of
tourism offer in rural areas and to comment on the possibilities of development of tourism cooperatives in Croatian rural areas. Literature research results confirm the comparative advantages of cooperatives as sustainable organizational forms, but the analysis of the number of cooperatives in Croatia points to the lack of recognition of these advantages, especially in the context of cooperatives in tourism. |
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